角振动校准装置研究

为提升对惯性器件的动态性能评价能力,通过对被校传感器施加标准正弦角振动激励,精确测量角振动过程,实现了对角振动传感器的校准。基于不同频段的特点,将校准频段划分为低频和高频2部分,并提出空气轴承与无刷直流力矩电机相结合的低频角振动台方案,以及轻质空心杯精密空气轴承与框式电磁驱动结构相结合的高频角振动台方案;分别采用精密角度编码器和衍射光栅激光干涉仪实现对低频和高频角振动的测量,成功研制出频率范围为0.25~550Hz、角加速度范围为0.1~1 760rad/s2以及角速度波形失真小于2%的角振动绝对法校准装置。与德国国家物理技术研究院的角振动校准装置相比,该装置能够显著提升承载能力,可广泛用于惯性器件动态性能的测试与评价。     

热等静压对激光选区熔化成形GH4169合金持久性能的影响

采用激光选区熔化(SLM)成形技术制备了GH4169合金,运用金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)和透射电镜(TEM)等分析手段分析了热等静压对SLM成形GH4169合金组织及持久性能的影响规律。结果表明:沉积态合金组织中,沿沉积方向的晶粒为柱状晶,晶粒内枝晶组织细小,枝晶间分布大量Laves相;热等静压处理可有效消除组织中气孔缺陷,溶解大部分Laves相,促使组织晶粒等轴化,并减少后续980℃固溶处理过程中δ相在晶内的析出;热等静压处理能提高合金的持久寿命,但会降低合金的持久塑性。     

Microstructure,porosity and mechanical properties of selective laser melted AlSi10Mg

Finite element modeling (FEM), microscopy, X-ray computed tomography (CT) and mechanical property tests were used to study the microstructure, porosity and mechanical properties of an AlSi10Mg alloy produced by selective laser melting (SLM). The simulation of the melt pool and thermal history under different energy densities produced an optimized result with an energy density of 44.5 J·mm⁻³. The high cooling rate during the SLM process significantly refined the previous α-Al dendrites. The growth direction of the network-like Al-Si eutectic structure at different orientations confirmed the anisotropic nature of the microstructure. Furthermore, the microhardness, tensile testing and fracture analysis results proved that there were no obvious distinctions in the strength between the transverse and longitudinal directions, and that the ductility was anisotropic, possibly due to the shape and distribution of the pores. The pores measured by X-ray CT at different energy densities confirmed that the sphericity of the pores was inversely related to pores volumes. With optimized processing conditions, the porosity of the selective laser melted sample decreased leading to the improved fabricated fuel system component via SLM.     

空间激光通信系统中的信道纠错编码技术

由于空间激光通信系统的信道状态和链路捕获跟踪的不确定性,多种形式的信道纠错编码技术正被广泛发展研究。结合空间激光通信链路中误码性能的主要影响因素,分别选择合适的编码方案进行分析。通过仿真实验可知,对于在大气结构参数为1.5×10~(-14) m~(-2/3)、风速为20 m/s的空地激光链路的环境下,在系统数据速率为2 Gbit/s、要求误码率为10~(-6)时,LDPC码结合交织码相对未编码系统有3 dB的等效编码增益,LT码相对未编码系统有3.8 dB的等效编码增益。提供了一种能快速生成、扩展和校验的编码和交织实现方法,以抵抗大气湍流的快速变化对系统性能产生的影响。     

扰流环对粉末发动机燃烧流动影响的数值模拟

为了提高粉末火箭发动机的燃烧效率,通过数值模拟方法研究了扰流环的有无、通径及位置对燃烧室燃烧流动特性的影响。结果表明:扰流环会增强Al颗粒和气相的掺混和换热程度,促进Al颗粒蒸发和燃烧,从而提高粉末火箭发动机的燃烧效率。当扰流环通径比在0.538~0.846范围内时,扰流环的通径越小,燃烧效率越高;当扰流环头部距离比在0.3~0.8范围内时,扰流环位置离头部越近,燃烧效率越高。设计扰流环时,应在距离燃烧室头部30%~40%的位置布置小通径的扰流环。      

A shortcut to marking 3D target curves on curved surface via a galvanometric laser scanner

Marking arbitrary three-dimensional(3D) target curves on given objects with curved surface is required in many industrial fields, such as fabric prepreg placement in composite material part fabrication, product assembly, surface painting for decoration, etc. A shortcut to the solution of this intractable problem is proposed by utilizing a galvanometric laser scanner(GLS) with the aid of a camera. Without using the existing tedious GLS calibration procedures,the proposed method directly establishes a mapping between the 3D coordinates of the laser spots on the object surface and the control voltages of the scanner. A single-hidden layer feedforward neural network(SLFN) is employed to model the mapping. By projecting a dense grid of laser spots on the object to be marked and simultaneously taking only one image, the SLFN model is trained in minutes via a linear solving mechanism. Experiments demonstrate that the trained SLFN model has a good generalization performance for marking 3D target curves. The 3D laser marking errors on experimental objects are less than 0.5 mm. The proposed method is especially suitable for on-site use and can be conveniently extended to multiple GLSs for marking large complex objects.     

精密导电滑环表面微槽车削性能

采用超精密车削精密导电滑环导电环的方法,保证了精密导电滑环绝缘环与导电环的同轴度、环间距,使绝缘微槽变形量低于0.10 mm。建立了精密导电滑环的切槽模型,利用仿真分析讨论了主轴转速、进给速率、刀具前角和切削深度对微槽变形量的影响,并对模型进行了试验验证。结果表明:滑环微槽侧面变形量随主轴转速的增大而变大,当转速达到700 r/min时,变形量达到了0.10 mm,超出了滑环的精度要求;滑环微槽变形量随机床进给速率的增大而变大,当进给速率达到1.5 mm/min时,变形量超出了滑环的精度要求;滑环微槽变形量随着前角的增大而减小;滑环微槽变形量随切削深度的增大而变大,切削深度低于0.2 mm时,滑环变形量微乎其微。     

三浮陀螺伺服测试误差系数估计方法

为了更好地解决工程实际中三浮陀螺极轴伺服测试时误差系数估计问题,采用了Kalman滤波和递推最小二乘的方法.试验结果证明,Kalman滤波方法能够有效地估计出极轴伺服测试时的陀螺误差系数.用统计检验的方法分析了该模型以及各系数的显著性,结果显示对Dvz和Dzz的估计是显著的.     

TC2薄壁钣金异型环快速制造工艺

对某种柔性的薄壁TC2钛合金异型环,传统的制造工艺由下料、拼焊、成形、机械加工、表面处理等工序组成。针对该工艺流程繁复、制造成本高的问题,提出一种不用成形的快速制造方法。该方法利用异形环平直母线可精确展开的特征,对其不同半径的锥面逐步展开后合理叠加成精确的展开图形,依图形下料并对焊成环。此方法仅需下料和焊接,无需成形和机械加工,流程简单,为该类零件的低成本、快速制造提供了新途径。     

白天激光漫反射测距中微弱信号检测的单开门多触发方法

白天激光漫反射测距因存在强背景噪声,导致微弱回波信号的检测十分困难,严重限制了激光漫反射测距的广泛应用。因此,提出了采用单开门多触发方法解决白天激光漫反射测距的微弱信号检测难题。首先,介绍了一种GM-APD (Geiger-ModeAvalanchePhotoDiode,盖革模式雪崩光电二极管)多触发概率分布函数的快速求解方法。接着,取激光漫反射测距系统典型参数,理论分析了多触发情况下的回波信号检测概率,分析结果表明单开门多触发方法可提高激光漫反射测距在白天情况下的回波信号检测概率。同时,通过对触发次数限制的优选,可以增加有效检测比,减少白天观测条件下回波信号的提取代价。最终,通过系统仿真验证了理论分析结果的正确性。因此,单开门多触发方法是解决白天激光漫反射测距微弱信号检测的可行途径之一。